National and Ethnic - Caucasus Mountains Region

Slavic, East European, and Former USSR Resources

National and Ethnic Home Pages

The Caucasus Mountains Region and Surrounding Areas

INDEX

Abhkazia	Caucasus Mountains Region	Iran	Nagorno-Karabakh
Adygeia	Chechnya	Iraq	Nakhichevan
Ajaria	Circassians in General	Kabardino-Balkaria	North Caucasus
Armenia	Dagestan	Karachai-Cherkessia	North Ossetia
Assyria	Georgia	Kurdistan	South Caucasus
Azerbaijan	Ingushetia	Meskhetian Turks	South Ossetia (Tskhinvali)

Caucasus Mountains Region - General Sites

Caucasus WWW Virtual Library.
Kafkas Vakfi / Caucasus Foundation.
kavkazweb.com.
Welcome to the Turkish World!.
Caucasian languages. From The Caucasus Foundation.
The Caucasian Languages. From Georgia, Georgian and the languages of the Caucasus.
An overview of languages of the Caucasus - By Johanna Nichols.
Caucasia: The Mountain of Tongues.
The Caucasus - An Overview. By George Hewitt.
Central Asia and the Caucasus. An internet resource page hosted by the East European, Russian, and Eurasian National Resource Center at Columbia University.
Diaspora - Caucasians at abroad. [Mainly Circassian related sites].
Ukraine as a Major Player in the Caucasus.
Who Are Alans?
Abkhazia, Georgia and the Caucasus Confederation. By Stanislav Lakoba.
The Ethnopolitical Situation in the Caucasus and the Problem of Oil Transportation. By Zurab Davitashvili.
Map of Ethnic Groups in the Caucasus Region.
Ethnic Groups in the Caucasus Region [Map].
An Ethnolinguistic Map of the Caucusus Region.
Maps - The Languages of the Caucasus. [Note that Iran is mislabeled as Irak].
Minorities in the Middle East.
WWW-VL: History. Ancient Near East. From WWW-VL: History: Central Catalogue Abridged.
The Kurds and the Caucasus. By Zorabe Budi (Aloiane).
Skinheads in Russia. Who Are They? And another site continuing the dialog.
Transcaucasus 5. Magazine with articles on minorities and other topics in the South Caucasus, e.g., Kurds in Armenia.

Caucasian ethnic groups: Western: Abkhaz, Adygh, including Circassians, Kabardins, Cherkess, Abazins, Abadzekhs, Ubukhs, Bzhadugs, Nabukhays, and Shapsugs. Eastern: Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Andis, Tsez, Lezgins, Dargins, Tabasarans and Batsbiis.

Turkic ethnic groups: Karachays, Balkars, Nogays, Kumyks, and Azeri.

Other ethnic groups: Ossetians [Alans], Georgians, Armenians, Tats [Mountain Jews] Udins [Descendants of Caucasian Albanians].

Back to Index

North Caucasus Peoples and Republics - General Sites

The Languages of Russia - North Caucasus Region. From The Languages of Russia.
Amjad Jaimoukha's Home Page.
Ethnicity in the Caucasus: Ethnic Relations and Quasi-Ethnic Conflicts. By S. A. Arutiunov.
Feature: From Postcommunism to Post–September 11 - Eurasia's Nonstate States. By Charles King.
Ethnicity in the Caucasus: Ethnic Relations and Quasi-Ethnic Conflicts. By S.A. Arutiunov.
Islamic Nations and their Neighbors on the Information Superhighway. Over 600 Sites in Alphabetic Order. Includes Armenian, Georgian, and Assyrian links.
North Caucasian Bibliography and Library (Including Abkhaz Material). By Amjad Jaimoukha.
The Unity of the North Caucasian Peoples: The Case of the Confederation of the Peoples of the Caucasus.
The North Caucasian Diaspora In Turkey (May 1996). By Egbert Wesselink.
Language Map of the Caucasus.
North Caucasus Populations. [A map].
Map - North Caucasus Area.

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South Caucasus Peoples and Republics - General Sites

EURASIANET.org. A web page which concentrates on current news from the south Caucasus countries [Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia], Central Asia, and Mongolia.
Russia Boosts Alliance with Armenia as U.S. Gains Foothold in Georgia. By Emil Danielyan.
Ajaria, the Russian Military in Georgia, and Stability in the South Caucasus. By Robert Cutler.
Abkhazia, Georgia and the Caucasus Confederation. By Stanislav Lakoba.
Regional Initiatives in South Caucasus.
"Transcaucasia" or "South Caucasus"? Towards a more exact geopolitical nomenclature. By Thomas V. Gamkrelidze.
Caucasus - Europe Lost and Recovered. By Jaan-Andres Sepp.
Contested Borders in the Caucasus - Online Version of a Book on the Conflicts in the Caucasus Region.
The South Caucasus: A Regional Overview and Conflict Assessment - Conflict and Security Assessment.
Central Asia and Caucasus.
The Kurds and the Caucasus: Cultural and Religious Links in Early Modern and Modern Periods.
Armenian-Georgian Market Losing Its Role.
Map of the Movement of Refugees in the South Caucasus Republics. [Select "Caucasus: refugees"].

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Circassians in General (Including the Adyge (various spellings), the Karachai, the Cherkess, the Kabardins, the Circassians-Shapsugs, and others as an ethnic group. Circassians in political entities appear in their political republic, autonomous area, etc below).

Amjad Jaimoukha's Home Page.
Welcome to Circassian World INTERNET.
Circassian Dreams. By Ramazan Nugay.
CircassianLand. By Makhmoud Karataban.
Circassian customs and traditions from The Caucasus Foundation.
Chronology of Circassian History.
Circassian History.
Battle of Akhatle between Russians and Circassians on May 8, 1841. By Grigory Gagarin. [Painting].
Welcome to Circassians page. From Circassians.org.
The Circassian Language. [Kabardian represents the eastern branch; Adigey, Shapsugh, Abzakh, etc represent the western branch per Amjad Jaimoukha.]
History of Circassians.
Circassian History.
Circassia. From UNPO - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation.
The Lost Land of Shapsugia.
Shasugiia. [In Russian].
Aguy-Shapsug, Russia Page.
Shapsug National Area - The Historical sketch (1924-1945).
Circassian History. [Includes information on the Shapsugs].

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Republic of Adygeia of the Russian Federation and Adygea, Adigha, and Circassian sites

Republic of Adygheya.
Adyghe Republic - Circassian Land. By Makhmoud Karataban.
Adygea. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Russia: Adygeya Leadership Reaffirms Opposition To Republic's Liquidation.
One Threat to Stability Recedes in Adygeya, but a Second Persists.
Maikop - Capital of Adyghe Republic.
Maikop. From www.maykop.ru.
Circassians.
The Circassian Language. [Kabardian represents the eastern branch; Adigey, Shapsugh, Abzakh, etc represent the western branch per Amjad Jaimoukha.]

Other Adygea websites for Circassians outside of Russia and the Adygea Republic:
The Circassians in Jordan: A Bibliography - Prepared by Amjad Jaimoukha.
Adigha On Line: Your Passport to the Circassian World.
Welcome to Circassian Welfare - Amman Jordan.
Welcome to Caucasian Association Official Homepage [Circassian web site].
Circassians Home Page. By Edris Abzakh.
Welcome to the Mirza Album The legacy of two Adigas.
Circassian Dreams. By Ramazan Nugay.
Circassian Art Gallery. By Hammut Saway.
Circassian World INTERNET. From The Federation of Turkish Adigia Khassa.
The ADIGE Homepage. By Sinan Çetav.
Circassians Home Page. By Edris Abzakh.

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Karachai-Cherkessia [The Karachai-Cherkess Autonomous Province of Stavropol Region of Russia; Self Proclaimed Karachai-Cherkess Republic of the Russian Federation] or Karachay, Balkhar, or Cherkess sites

General Karachay-Balkhar-Cherkess Sites

Karachay.
Vladimir Magomedovich Semenov - President of Karachay- Cherkess Republic.
Republic of Karachay-Cherkess. By Susanna Tokhchukova.
Karachay-[B]alkar. From www.balkaria.narod.ru.
Karaçay Balkar.
Karachay-Balkar. Its Links to Home Pages of Many of the Muslim Republics and Peoples of the Northern Caucasus Region and Nearby Areas.
Karachai -- Cherkessiya in Russia. From Welcome to Turkic Republics.
Karaçay-Circassian Republic. From Turkish Turan History.
Investment in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. By Amjad Jaimoukha.
Caucasus and the Karachay-Balkar People. [Caucasus Tohçuklaný Ufuk Tavkul]. By Dr.Ufuk Tavkul.
Karachay Circassia History.
Karachai-Cherkessia. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Karachai-Cherkessia.
Karachay Malxar Home Page.
Circassian History.
Russia: Unrest Threatens Karachaevo-Cherkessia. By Sophie Lambroschini.
The Circassian Language. [Kabardian represents the eastern branch; Adigey, Shapsugh, Abzakh, etc represent the western branch per Amjad Jaimoukha.]
Kislovodsk.
American Karachai-Kavkaz Benevolent Association.
[Mt.] Elbrus.
Map of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. From Rusline.

Karachai Related Sites

Welcome to Karachay.
Karachay.
Karachaians.
Karachaevskaia muzyka. Internet Explorer.

Balkar Related Sites

BALKAR (Own name: Malkarli). From The Caucasus Foundation.
Folklornyi Ansmbl "Balkhar". [Organized in the Balkhar Akushinskii Region of Dagestan in the 1960's. It is composed of ethnic Laks].
Ansambl Balkariya.
Balkars. From NUPI Centre for Russian Studies.
Balkar Muslims Blamed for Wahabbi 'Terror'.
The Lord's Prayer in Balkar.

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Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of the Russian Federation and Kabardino-Balkhar Sites

General Kabardino-Balkar Sites

Discover Kabarday-Balkar Republic. By Aslanbi Zhigun.
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic GENERAL SURVEY.
Kabardino-Balkaria. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Kabardey-Balkar (Malkar) Republic. From Turkish Turan History.
Kabardino -- Kabardino - Balkaria in Russia. From Welcome to Turkic Republics.
Welcome to Kabardino - Balkarian Republic. [In Russian].
Kabardino - Balkar State University. [Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russian Federation].
Kabardino-Balkaria Online. By Tim Uy.
The Central Caucasus.

Kabardian Sites

Kabardian File. By Amjad Jaimoukha.
The Kabardian Language. By Amjad Jaimoukha.
A Grammar of the Kabardian Language. By John Colarusso.
The Circassian Language. [Kabardian represents the eastern branch; Adigey, Shapsugh, Abzakh, etc. represent the western branch per Amjad Jaimoukha].

Balkarian Sites

BALKAR (Own name: Malkarli). From Caucasus Foundation.
Balkar Muslims Blamed for Wahabbi 'Terror'.
Balkar Language.

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Republic of North Ossetia of the Russian Federation or North Ossetian or Alan sites

Aleksandr Dzasokhov. President of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania of the Russian Federation.
Ofitsialnyi sait - Parlamenta Respubliki Severnaia Osetiia-Alaniia.
Ministerstvo kultury i iskusstva - Respubliki Severnaia Osetiia-Alaniia.
The Republic of North Ossetia - Alania.
Welcome to Osetia!
All Ossetian Pages.
North Ossetia. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Alania - Osetia. By Robick Baskaev-Afletunov.
Nart Sagas. By Elena Kournikova-Tskhuyrbaty.
North Ossetia (Alania).
Respublika Severnaia Osetiia-Alaniia.
The Republic of North Ossetia - Alania.
Republic of North Ossetia. A Map.
North Ossetia (Alania). A Map.
Map of the North Osetian Republic. From Rusline.
Minority Languages of Russia on the Net - Ossetian (Ossetic) Language.
Welcome to Vladikavkaz.
Norda Osetio. Pictures of North Osetia.
Who Were the Alans? By Mirfatykh Z. Zakiev. From Turkic History.

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Ingush Republic of the Russian Federation and Ingushetia and Ingush sites

Respublika Ingushetiia - Ofitsialnyi sait.
The Ingush Language - Ghalghaaj mott.
Ingushetia. From The Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University.
Ingushetia. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Information on the Chechen refugee situation in Ingushetia.
The Ingush (with notes on the Chechen): Background information. By Johanna Nichols.
Ingushetiya. From NUPI [Norwegian Institute of International Affairs - Centre for Russian Studies]. Map of Ingushetia and Chechnya.
Russia - The Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region. From Human Rights Watch/Helsinki.
Ingushetia. From UNPO - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation.
Another UNPO page.

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Republic of Chechnya [of the Russian Federation?] and Chechen sites

General Chechen Sites

News About Chechnya: Kavkaz Center.
Chechen File. By Amjad Jaimoukha.
Chechnya Information Channel / Ichkeria informatisionnyi kanal.
Çeçenistan Ickeriya Cumhuriyeti Çeçenpress.
Republic of Tchetchenistan. From Turkish Turan History.
Kavkaz Center's Chechnya Links Page.
CHECHNYA links. By Ole Stig Andersen.
Chechnya. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Chechen Republic Online.
Maps of the Chechen Republic. From Chechen Republic Online.

Republic of Chechnya Government Related Sites

Pro-Russian Government of the Chechen Republic

Chechen Republic Ichkeria

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. From UNPO - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation.
The Constitution of the Chechen Republic. From Chechenpress.
Parliament of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria- RESOLUTION N5.
Free Ichkeria:Chechya Official Home Page.
Profile: Dzhokhar Dudaev.
Laurent Vinatier: “Shamil Basayev’s political comeback: a non-issue”. From Caucaz - Europenews.

Chechen Politcal Related Sites

Checheno-Ingush Republic, Chechen Republic-Ichkeria (Chechnya). From the Caucasus WWW Virtual Library.
Political Resources on the Net - Chechen Republic (Russian Federation).
Chechen (Ichkeria) - Internet Resources. Fom Hokkaido University - Slavic Research Center.
Jihad in Chechnya Home Page.
Prague Watchdog. Prague Watchdog is an on-line service that collects and disseminates information on the conflict in Chechnya.

Chechen History Related Sites

Brief Chechen History. From Chechen Republic Online.
Taimi Bibolt (Beibulat Taimiev).
History of Chechnya: The Jihad of Imam Shamyl. By Kerim Fenari.
The Religious Roots of Conflict Russia and Chechnya. By David Damrel.
The "Afghanization" of Chechnya. By Svante E. Cornell.
Information on the Chechen refugee situation in Ingushetia.
INCORE Guide to Internet Sources on Conflict in Chechnya.

Chechen Cultural Sites

Selected Chechen Cities, Towns, Municipalities, and Regions Sites

The City of Grozny, Chechen Capital.

Other Chechen Sites

Ethnic Chechens beyond the border of Chechnya.
Chechen population in Jordan. By Emad Arslan.
The American Committee for Peace in Chechnya.

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Republic of Dagestan of the Russian Federation or Dagestani sites

General Dagestan Sites

Welcome to Dagestan; a Land Woven from Legends.
Dagestan Republic. From CaspianNet.
Respublika Dagestan. From Kavkaz.com.
Dagestan. From Turkish Turan History.
Dagestan - Respublika Dagestan.
Dagestan. Describes the many ethnic groups of Dagestan. Some flags.
Daghestan - Daghestan in Russia. From Welcome to Turkic Republics.
Dagestan, the land of dreams and myths. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Republic Daghestan.
Dagestan - A Knot of Caucasian Tensions.
Defender Of Dagestan. By Ruth Daniloff.
The Kursk Explosion: A Result of Dagestani Sabotage?
Will Dagestan Go the Way of Chechnya?
The Press of Dagestan: No Compromising Information. From Summary - [The Silent Regions].
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Dagestan Maps.

Dagestan Government Related Sites

Dagestan's Said Amirov: "Only Death Will Stop Me" [Mayor of Makhachkala].

Dagestan History Related Sites

The History of Dagestan. From Republic Daghestan.
History of Lak country. From Lakskii dom / Lak House.
The Dagestan War: Actors, Roots and Predictions. Includes a chart showing the ethnic population of Dagestan.

Dagestan Cultural Sites

Folklornyi Ansmbl "Balkhar". [Organized in the Balkhar Akushinskii Region of Dagestan in the 1960's. It is composed of ethnic Laks].
The State Dance Company of Dagestan.

Selected Dagestan Cities, Towns, Municipalities, and Regions Sites

Derbent.
DAGESTAN: Derbent. From Dagestan.ru.

Ethnic Groups of Dagestan

General Information

Ethnic Map of Dagestan.
Narody Dagestana.
DAGESTAN: Peoples. From Dagestan.ru.
Population and National Structure of Daghestan.
Flags of Daghestanian ethnic groups (Russia). From Daghestan (Russia) of allstates-flag.com.
A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field. By Victor A. Friedman University of Chicago. From SPECIAL ISSUE: Out of the Ruins: Cultural Negotiations in the Soviet Aftermath. Co-Edited by Nancy Ries & Cathy Warner.

Avars

Avar (Own name: Maarulal).
Avars of Dagestan in Russia. By Michael L. Haxton.
Avars. From NUPI [Norwegian Institute of International Affairs - Centre for Russian Studies].

Lezgins

Dargins

Dargins. From NUPI.
The Darghins (Dargis).

Kumyks

Kumyks of Dagestan in Russia. By Michael L. Haxton.
Kumyk. From UNPO - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation.
Another UNPO page.
KUMYK (Own name: Kumuk). From Caucasus Foundation.
Kumuk Turks. From Turkish Turan History.
Dagistan Ve Kumuk Türkleri.

Laks

History of Lak country. From Lakskii dom / Lak House.
The Ghazi-Kumukhs (Laks). From Turkish Turan History.
The Lak of Russia. From Prayer Profile.

Tabasarans

Nogays

Tats or Mountain Jews [Sites from Religious Perspective Are Here and also Here and also Here]

The Mountain Jews. From The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire.
Sample Music Files of Mountain Jews [of Dagestan]. (Scroll to bottom of page and select links). From Raf Nagdimov home page.

Other Ethnic Groups

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Republic of Georgia or Georgian or Adjarian sites

General Georgian Sites

Sakartvelo. By Geori Toupouria. Many links related to the Republic of Georgia, including his Tbilisi links.
Virtual Georgia.
Georgia Resource Page. From Eurasianet.org.
Georgia Revealed.
Free Georgia. By Reno Siradze.
Georgian Association in the United States of America, Inc.
Images of Georgia. From Travel Images - The Global Images Bank.
Republic of Georgia Maps - From the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection.

Georgian Government Related Sites

Georgian Political Sites

Political Resources on the Net - Georgia.
Republic of Georgia Georgia WWW Virtual Library.
Memorial Page of Dr. Zviad K. Gamsakhurdia (1939-1993).
Memorial Page of the First President of the Republic of Georgia, Dr. Zviad K. Gamsakhurdia (31.03.1939 - 31.12.1993).
Mikhail Saakashvili. [President of the Republic of Georgia 2004- .]
Welcome to Abkhazeti.com. A Web Site Presenting information on Abkhazeti, as an Autonomous Republic of Abkhazeti, and an integral part of Georgia. Map of Abkhazeti in the 18th Century.
Georgians and Abkhazians. The Search for a Peace Settlement © August 1998, VUB University Press - Online Text of an analysis of the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992-93.

Selected Georgian Cities, Towns, Municipalities, and Regions Sites

Tbilisi, Capital of Georgia.
Javakhetia: Flashpoint or Bottleneck? By Robert Cutler.
The Geopolitics and Quest for Autonomy of the Armenians of Javakheti (Georgia) and Krasnodar (Russia) in the Caucasus. By Hasan Kanbolat and Nazim Gul.
Svaneti.
Cities and Sites. From Plants Genetic Resources in Central Asia and Caucasus.

Georgian Cultural Sites

Culture of Georgia. From Reference.com.
Rustaveli Theatre.
Dancing Crane Georgian Dance Theater.
Georgian Culture.
Monuments of Ancient Georgia.
Georgia Arts and Culture Links. From Eurasianet.org.
Georgian National Museum.
The Georgian Museum of Photography.
Georgian Cultural Heritage Information Centre.
The Spiritual Ideals of the Gelati Academy. By Zviad Gamsakhurdia. A Lecture delivered at the L. Meskhishvili Drama Theater in Kutaisi , 20 May 1990

Georgian History Related Sites

History of Georgia. From About Georgia.
History of Georgia. From Association "Iberiana".
Georgia History Links. From Eurasianet.org.
GEORGIA - The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty.
The Bagrationi Royal Dynasty of Georgia - by Dr. Levan Z. Urushadze (Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia).
Kartuli Idea - The Georgian Idea.
Jewish History of Georgia.

Ethnic Groups of Georgia

[Ethnic Groups of] Georgia. From Ethnologue.
Ethnic Minorites of Georgia. From Parliament of Georgia. And another site.
Ethnic Minorities in Georgia.
Armenian Minority in Georgia: Defusing Interethnic Tension. By Natalie Sabanadze. From European Centre for Minority Issues.
Who are the Mingrelians? Language, Identity and Politics in Western Georgia. And the pdf version.
Hard Times: Armenians of Javakhk fret over their future.

Other Georgian Sites

Georgia - South Caucasus. A blog related to Georgia and the South Caucasus with many links of interest.

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Autonomous Republic of Ajaria of the Republic of Georgia or Ajarian sites

Official Web-Site of Ajar Autonomous Republic.
The Autonomous Republic of Ajaria. From Parliament of Georgia.
Ajaria. And Aslan Abashidze.
Ajaria's New Federal Status": Implications for Georgia's Territorial Integrity. By Dr. Robert M. Cutler. From Central Asia - Caucasus Analyst.
Ajaria: When a young governor turns his hand to politics.
The Tale of Two Resorts: Abkhazia and Ajaria Before and Since and the Soviet Collapse. By Georgi M. Derluguian.
Flags of Ajaria. From Flags of the World.
Map of the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria.

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Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia of the Republic of Georgia or Abkhazian sites

General Abkhazia sites

Abkhazia. From From UNPO - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation.
Abkhazia. And Vladislav Ardzinba.
Political Resources on the Net - Abkhazia (Georgia).
Georgia Abkhazia. From Freedom House.
Abkhaz Languagelinks. From Languages-on-the-web com.
Abkhazians.
Abkhazia. From The Caucasus Foundation.
The Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict in a Regional Context. Pt.1. Pt. 2. And Notes. And Another Version.
The Tale of Two Resorts: Abkhazia and Ajaria Before and Since and the Soviet Collapse. By Georgi M. Derluguian.
Estonians in Sukhumi.and Estonian Villages at the Coast of the Black Sea. From Eesti Rahva Muuseum.

Abkhazia from the Separatist Abkhazian Perspective

The Constitution of Abkhazia, ratified in the city of Shukum on November 26,1994.
Republic of Abkhazia. From Apsny.org.
Republic of Abkhazia. From Abkhazia.org.
Abkhazia -- Problems and the Paths to their Resolution By Konstantin Ozgan Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia, 1998.
Sipsadgil.
Republic of Abkhazia (Apsny). Review of Events for the Year 1996.
Federal Practice - Exploring alternatives for Georgia and Abkhazia.
Abkhaz Presidential Rivals Hold Emergency Talks In Moscow. [2004/11/03].
Abkhaz-Georgian Peacebuilding and Cooperation Among Multiple Initiatives.

Abkhazia from the Georgian Perspective

Website of the Legitimate Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
The Horrors of Abkhaz Separatism - “Abkhaz and Georgians are the same” - Dimitri Gulia (1874 - 1960) - The first Abkhaz poet and historian Founder of Abkhaz alphabet.
Abkhaz-Georgian Peacebuilding and Cooperation Among Multiple Initiatives.

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South Ossetian sites of the Republic of Georgia (Official name since 1996: Tskhinvali)

Republic of South Ossetia. By Soslan Tabuev.
South Ossetia. From The Caucasus Foundation.
Tskhinvali (South Ossetia), Georgia. By Robert M. Cutler.
Declaration of the Parliament of Georgia - On the Election of the President of the So Called South Ossetian Republic Scheduled by the Tskhinvali Separatist Regime on 18th of November 2001.
Views from a University Rector in South-Ossetia. Temuraz Kokoev is the Rector of the University of Tskhinvali, capital of the unrecognized Republic of South-Ossetia. From Caucaz - Europenews.
Russia and Georgia battle for control [of South Ossetia].
A Conflict That's Right Out of a Gogol Play. By Yulia Latynina.
The Georgian - South Ossetian Conflict. And Chapter 1 of "The Georgian - South Ossetian Conflict. And Chapter 2 of "The Georgian - South Ossetian Conflict". And Chapter 3 of "The Georgian - South Ossetian Conflict. Links continue through Chapter 8.

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Meskhetian Turks (Georgians) sites of Central Asia, Russia, Georgia, or Turkey

The Meskhetian People - A History and Bibliography. By Don Macnaughtan.
A Deported Nationality: The Ahiska Turks. By Aysegül Baydar Aydingün.
The Problem of Muslim Population of Southern Georgia: Prospects of Deportation and the Local Resistance. By Nana Sumbadze.
Repatriation and Adaptation of Deported Meskhetians: Society and State in Supra-National Context.
Georgia: Meskhetians Search For Cultural Identity (Part I). By Jean-Christophe Peuch.
The Turks–Meskhetians' Organisations. Their Ideological Orientation.
Meskhetian Turks: Solutions and Human Security.
Stop Ethnic Cleansing [of Meskhetian Turks] in Krasnodar Territory!
Meskhetians in Krasnodar Territory.
Re: Meskhetians in Krasnodar Territory.
De la préservation d’une identité ethnique à la revendication d’une identité politique : le rôle de Vatan Cemiyeti chez les Turcs Ahiska (Meskhets).
A Deported Nationality: The Ahiska Turks.
The Geopolitics and Quest for Autonomy of the Armenians of Javakheti (Georgia) and Krasnodar (Russia) in the Caucasus. By Hasan Kanbolat and Nazim Gul. [References also to Mesketian Georgians or Turks]. Another site.
The Tale of Two Resorts: Abkhazia and Ajaria Before and Since and the Soviet Collapse. By Georgi M. Derluguian. ["Find" khemshins; "Find" meskheti].
Right to Return of `Ahiska' Muslims. By Shahed Alam.
Between Integration and Resettlement: The Meskhetian Turks.

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Republic of Armenia and Armenian (Including Cilician and Other Former Turkish Armenia) sites

General Armenian Sites

Cilicia.com Armenian Web Site. By Raffi Kojian.
Armenian sites on the Internet. By Narbey Derbekyan.
Armenia Resource Page. From EURASIANET.org.
Armenia. From Pars Times.
Armenica.
ArmenianHouse.org. ArmenianHouse.org is an electronic library featuring a huge collection of documents on Armenian literature, history, religion and anything else Armenia-related.
Armenians.com.
Armenia. From State of the Environment '98 - Armenia.
ArmeniaDiaspora.com.
Road to Armenia. By Andranik Michaelian. With extensive photo gallery of Armenian scenes.
Armenians in Cyberspace. Over 800 Sites in Alphabetic Order.
Virtual Armenia.
Armenian Reference Books Co.
ArmenianLinks.com.
Cultural Diversity in Armenia.
Armenian Genealogy - Poochigian Family History & Genealogy.
Armenian Genealogy.
50 Postcards from Armenia.
Images of Armenia. From Travel Images - The Global Images Bank.
Armenia Maps. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. University of Texas at Austin.
Map of Armenia and the Armenian National Anthem.
Armenia and Kharabagh Map.
Karta Armenii. From Armenica.
IREX Armenia.

Armenian Government Related Sites

Armenian Political Sites

Republic of Armenia - Parties & Organizations. From Political Resources on the Net.
Welcome to the official web site of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Armenian Socialist Party).
Official Home Page of the Armenian Social Democrat Hunchakian Party.
Le Parti ARMENAGAN. [Armenakan Party].(Ramgavar).
www.ASALAonLine.com. (Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia).
Jan Fedayi.
HKK against army in Iraq (14 Sep, 2003). [HKK=Armenian Communist Party]. From www.hayem.org.

Selected Armenian Cities, Towns, Municipalities, and Regions Sites

Republic of Armenia. From Virtual Armenia.
Yerevan. From cilicia.com.
Tour Armenia. The Complete Echmiadzin.
Gyumri. Another Gumri Page.
Lori Regional Republican Library.
Cities and Sites. From Plants Genetic Resources in Central Asia and Caucasus.
Rediscovering Armenia Home.
Southern Armenia - The Zangezur Panhandle.
Zangezur. [Azeri presentation].

Armenian Cultural Sites

National Library of Armenia.
The 1700th Anniversary of the Proclamation of Christianity as Armenia's State Religion.
Museums of Armenia.
Gomidas Institute.
Armenian Enlightenment Chronicle.
American University of Armenia.
Armenian Artists.
An Introduction to Historic Armenian Architecture. By Vazken Lawrence Parsegian.
Armenian Heritage Organization.
Armenian Rugs and Carpets.
Yerevan Academy of Fine Arts.
Medal Coins Of Armenia.
Monuments around Armenia. Photos by Andranik Michaelian. From ArmeniaDiaspora.com.
Research on Armenian Architecture.
Welcome to the Ararat-Eskijian Museum. Los Angeles, California.
Hamazkayin - Armenian Cultural & Educational Society.
The Contributions Of Multi-Nationality To Classical Ottoman Music. By Bulent Aksoy. ["Find" Hampartzum].
Naregatsi Art Institute.
Arshile Gorky [Vosdanik Manuk Adoian] (1904-1948).
- ARTCYCLOPEDIA - Arshile Gorky.
- Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work. By Hayden Herrera. [Book Review].
- From a High Place: A Life of Arshile Gorky. By Stephen Spender. [Book Notice].
- Black Angel - A Life of Arshile Gorky - Nouritza Matossian.
- Artist Profile: Arshile Gorky.
- Arshile Gorky - The Artist's Mother.
- Arshile Gorky (1904—1948) - Peggy Guggenheim Collection. And Arshile Gorky Biography.
- Art as Salvation - by Jerry Saltz. "Arshile Gorky: A Retrospective of Drawings," Nov. 20, 2003-Feb. 15, 2004, at the Whitney Museum of American Art, 945 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10021.

Armenian History Related Sites [Genocide Sites Mainly Here]

www.ArmenianHistory.info.
armenica.org. - History of Armenia.
History of Armenia.
The Battle of Vartanantz [at Avarayr].
Armenian Christians Take Up Arms - In 451, the Armenians were the first Christians to take up arms in defending their right to worship.
The battle of Sardarabad & an independent Armenia.
Sardarabad. The Sardarabad Memorial.
Treaty of Sèvres 10 August 1920, which led to the creation of the independent Armenian State. The Sections referring to Armenia and the Armenian Genocide.
Wilsonian Armenia.
Genocide Acknowledgment: Why Turkey and the State Department Fear It. By David B. Boyajian. [On the Armenian Genocide and "Sèvres Syndrome"].
The Armenian Question. From Ermeni.org.
Armeno-Turkish Dialogue. Compiled by Jason Sohigian.
Why I Am Studying the Turkish Language. By Richard Bryant.
House of First Armenian Republic Prime Minister to Become Museum.
Map showing historic Armenia.
Historical Maps [of Armenia].

Ethnic Groups of Armenia

Armenia Debates Ethnic Rights.
Ethnic and Religious Minorities [in Armenia]. From Armenian Helsinki Committee.
[Ethnic Groups of] Armenia. From Ethnologue.
The Ethnic Minorities of Armenia. And as HTML.
Armenia's ethnic minorities facing difficulties in preserving culture.

Population and People. From Home of Tour Armenia.

Yezidis distinguish themselves from Islam religiously and from the Kurds ethnically. They originally spoke a north Kurmanji Kurdish dialect

The Yezidi [Community in Armenia]. Articles, interviews and analysis

Slavic, East European, and Former USSR Resources

National and Ethnic Home Pages The Caucasus Mountains Region and Surrounding Areas

National and Ethnic Home Pages

The Caucasus Mountains Region and Surrounding Areas